Sacroiliac joint dysfunction occurs when the sacroiliac (SI) joints, located at the lower back where the spine meets the pelvis, become inflamed or misaligned. This can lead to pain in the lower back, buttocks, and even down the legs. Symptoms often worsen with activities like sitting, standing, or climbing stairs.

Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, which extends from the lower back through the hips and buttocks and down each leg.

It often results from a herniated disc or spinal stenosis, leading to nerve compression. Symptoms can include sharp pain, tingling, or numbness in the leg.
Piriformis syndrome occurs when the piriformis muscle, located in the buttocks, spasms and compresses the sciatic nerve.

Physical therapy treatments typically employ a combination of manual therapy, strengthening exercises, modalities including shockwave, electrical stimulation and ultrasound and education. Techniques may include joint mobilization to restore proper alignment, stretching exercises to improve flexibility, and strengthening exercises to stabilize the pelvic region. Patients are also educated on posture and body mechanics to prevent recurrence.